Green Public Procurement and Circular Economy

Green Public Procurement and Circular Economy
Dr Dariusz Edward Prasek

Dr Dariusz Edward Prasek

Doctor in Environmental Engineering, Member of the United Nations Advisory Board on Circular Economy, International Expert in Environmental, Social and Governance Areas. Former Director of Operations in Environmental and Sustainability Department of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

Introduction

With the support from the Government of Sweden, Georgia is currently implementing a programme aiming to promote and accelerate the transition to the Circular Economy (CE).  The programme is being implemented with the assistance of the Georgian Society of Nature Explorers “Orchis” and involvement of international and national experts. The programme provides recommendations to various groups of stakeholders, including policy makers, financial institutions and project promoters how to accelerate the implementation of circular economy principles at various levels of economic activity.

The objective of the CE is to maintain the value of products, materials, and resources in the economy by closing material loops and minimizing waste generation. In recent years, the role of public procurement has been recognized as an important, but as yet not fully exploited, opportunity by cities and municipalities in their transition toward circular societies. By using their procurement to choose environmentally friendly goods, services and works, they can make an important contribution to sustainable consumption and production – what we call Green Public Procurement (GPP).

What is Green Public Procurement?

Green procurement steams from pollution prevention principles and activities. Green procurement compares price, technology, quality and the environmental impact of the product, service or contract. Green procurement policies are applicable to all organisations, regardless of size. Green procurement programmes may be as simple as purchasing renewable energy or recycled office paper or could involve setting environmental requirements for suppliers and contractors.

“Green” products or services utilise fewer resources, are designed to last longer and minimise their impact on the environment from cradle to grave. In addition, “green” products and services have less of an impact on human health and may have higher safety standards. Whilst some “green” products or services may have a greater upfront expense, they may save money over the life of the product or service.

Although GPP is a voluntary instrument, it has a key role to play in international efforts to promote a more resource-efficient economy. It can help stimulate a critical mass of demand for more sustainable goods and services which otherwise would be difficult to get onto the market. GPP is therefore a strong stimulus for eco-innovation.

To be effective, GPP requires the inclusion of clear and verifiable environmental criteria for products and services in the public procurement process. The European Commission, the World Bank Group and a number of European countries have developed guidance in this area, in the form of national GPP criteria. The challenge of furthering take-up by more public sector bodies so that GPP becomes common practice still remains. As does the challenge of ensuring that green procurement requirements are somewhat compatible between countries – thus helping create a level playing field that will accelerate and help drive the market for environmentally sound goods and services.

What are the benefits of Green Public Procurement?

The benefits associated with GPP are not limited to environmental impact, but can include everything from social and health to economic and political benefits. Public procurement can be instrumental in addressing numerous environmental problems.  Some examples have been listed below:

  • Greenhouse gas emissions (through the purchase of products and services with a lower CO2 footprint throughout their life-cycle);
  • Deforestation, (through the purchase of wood and wood products from legally harvested and sustainably managed forests);
  • Water use (through choosing more water-efficient fittings);
  • Energy efficiency and resource use (by choosing products which are more efficient and implementing environmentally conscious design principles);
  • Air, water and soil pollution (by controlling chemicals and limiting the use of hazardous substances);
  • Waste (by specifying processes or packaging which generate less waste or encouraging reuse and recycling of materials);
  • Sustainable agriculture (by purchasing organically produced food).

Green purchasing can also set an example for the general public and the private sector, and influence the marketplace. Establishing a GPP policy, and communicating initiatives and their results, demonstrates that action in this area is possible and that it leads to positive outcomes. It can also encourage private sector organisations to use green criteria for their own procurement. GPP can also act as a useful channel for raising environmental awareness by identifying the environmental impacts of a particular product/service throughout its life-cycle and providing information on the benefits of greener alternatives.

Policies on GPP can improve services to the public and thus enhance quality of life. Cleaner public transport, for example, improves air quality.  GPP can help drive higher quality standards for products and services, delivering better performance for public authorities and ultimately citizens. New products and services which have been developed to meet the requirements of GPP may also become popular with private consumers, improving overall standards.

GPP often leads to savings over the whole life-cycle of a purchase – both for public authorities and for society in general. Purchasing more energy-efficient IT equipment can save money in many different ways: for example, lower electricity use and easier recycling or reuse at the end of its life. Similarly, a more energy and water-efficient building may cost more up-front, but will save money in the long run.

Promoting green procurement gives important incentives for industry to develop ‘green’ technologies and products and promote them in the market place. In particular, small- and medium-sized companies may profit from environmental procurement, as it offers an opportunity to find markets for their innovative solutions and products. Introducing ‘green’ tendering criteria can influence the marketplace and result in new entrants in the field of environmental technologies and products – potentially resulting in increased competition and reduced prices.

What are the key elements of an effective Green Public Procurement?

Effective implementation of GPP requires determining the scope for GPP, setting priorities and targets for the relevant activities, organising appropriate training for staff and monitoring performance. All of these elements may form part of a GPP policy. They should also be supported by the operating procedures and e-procurement systems.

To be most effective a GPP policy should Include clear targets, priorities and timeframes; indicate the scope of the purchasing activities covered; indicate who is responsible for implementing the policy; and include a mechanism for appropriately monitoring performance. The GPP policy should be aligned with any existing policies and strategies relating to procurement and the sustainable operation of the organisation. External advice or peer review from other public sector organisations implementing GPP is beneficial.

Once a policy is in place some form of operational implementation plan should be established, outlining specific tasks, responsibilities and a time plan. The policy and implementation plan should then be communicated as widely as possible, particularly to the staff most affected and to suppliers who have a role to play in delivering the policy. Implementing GPP requires the involvement and cooperation of different departments and staff members across an organisation. Finance, environment and procurement officers will likely need to be consulted, as well as certain specialist departments such as construction, energy or IT.

Introducing GPP into procurement practices will typically require a step-by-step approach. One method is to select a small range of product and service groups to focus on initially. Pilot activities within specific departments, which are most willing to participate can help to demonstrate successful implementation and gain wider acceptance.

In identifying which product, service and works sectors to prioritise, some key factors should be initially kept in mind:

Environmental impact – select those products or services which have a high impact on the environment over their life-cycle.

Budgetary importance – focus efforts on areas of significant spend within the authority.

It is also important to set up clear targets in order to assess progress, and to communicate the intentions within the organisation and to the general public. Examples of some targets are presented below:

  • Overall procurement targets – 80% of procurement (by value and by number of tenders) should include GPP criteria by 2022. Targets can differ for national, regional, local levels;
  • Product/service specific targets – by 2022, 60% of meals served in school canteens should be organic, or by 2023, all cleaning services should use products meeting the EU Ecolabel criteria;
  • Operational targets – all procurement staff will receive GPP training by 2022, or GPP guidance will be available to all staff on the organization’s intranet.

In the GPP, the preparatory stage is crucial. Thorough analysis and planning are essential before launching a tender if environmental goals are to be achieved. It can also help to ensure that procedures are run efficiently and obtain best value for money over the entire life-cycle. Different procedures may be used to implement GPP, depending on the subject-matter of the contract and the information gathered during the pre-procurement stage. Procedures such as the competitive procedure with negotiation and competitive dialogue may be suitable when there is a need to be able to adapt a solution to your specific needs. Life-cycle costing, joint procurement, framework agreements or energy performance contracting, for example, may help to demonstrate cost savings through GPP, or to lower investment barriers.

Public procurement is about matching supply and demand, in order to deliver the goods, services and works which the public sector is responsible for providing. Value for money is clearly a key consideration, as is the need to ensure a good level of competition and to respect the international and national legal framework. GPP can be combined with these objectives and in many cases will positively contribute to them – for example by reducing life-cycle costs or encouraging suppliers to update their product or service offers.

GPP can use a number of procurement tools, which are recognised as contributing to financial efficiency, helping to make the business case for applying higher environmental standards. A commonly used tool is Life-cycle costing (LCC) – Procurement decisions are often still made on the basis of the purchase price. However, for many products and works, costs incurred during use and disposal may also be highly significant – e.g. energy consumption, maintenance, disposal of hazardous materials. Taking life-cycle costs into account in procurement makes clear economic sense. As purchase price, energy and maintenance costs may be paid by different departments within the organisation’s structure, establishing LCC within procurement procedures will likely require cross-departmental cooperation. Further information on LCC can be found on the EU GPP website: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/lcc.htm.

A very important factor in the effective implementation of the GPP are contract clauses. Contract clauses can address environmental considerations at the performance stage. These must be linked to the subject-matter of the contract and advertised in advance. The client can specify that goods are to be supplied or services/works performed in a way that minimises environmental impact, and environmental performance may be linked to penalties or incentives under the contract. Compliance with contract clauses should be carefully monitored during the execution phase, with responsibility for compliance and reporting clearly indicated in the contract. In order to discourage breaches of environmental commitments, adequate sanctions should be provided under the contract. Subcontractors should also be held responsible for environmental aspects of the work they carry out. If joint liability applies with the main contractor, then this should extend to cover compliance with applicable environmental laws. The client can require the replacement of a subcontractor who does not comply with these laws.

Why is Green Public Procurement Important for Georgia

Georgia has significantly advanced its transition to the CE.  In addition to the previously mentioned programme on raising awareness on the CE, the Government of Georgia with the assistance of national and international experts supported by the Government of Sweden has launched and is well advanced in mapping the circularity of the Georgian economy with a view to provide recommendations to develop a Road Map to Circularity and adopt a Circular Economy Strategy. Within this context, GPP is an essential instrument in greening the current procurement system through which public authorities can play a supporting role in the transition towards a circular economy.

There are a number of well-developed GPP guidance documents at the international and national levels. For example, the European Commission has developed criteria to facilitate the inclusion of green requirements into public procurement tenders for more than 20 product groups. These include ‘core criteria’ suitable for any contracting authority and focused on key environmental issues, and ‘comprehensive criteria’ with a higher level of ambition aimed at purchasing the best environmentally-friendly products available on the market. Furthermore, an extensive collection of detailed good practice examples from across Europe are available on the European Commission’s website – https://ec.europa.eu/environment/gpp/case.  Based on these positive examples as well as initiatives already undertaken such as those already implemented in Georgia under the European Union for Environment Programme (EU4Environment), the Government of Georgia may consider the development of their own Green Public Procurement Guidance to further accelerate the transition of the Georgian economy to circularity.

დატოვე კომენტარი

1,110 კომენტარი

  1. May I simply just say what a relief to uncover someone that actually knows what they’re
    talking about on the web. You definitely realize how to bring a problem to light and make it important.
    More people should read this and understand this side
    of the story. It’s surprising you are not more popular because you
    definitely possess the gift.

  2. An impressive share! I have just forwarded this onto a coworker who was doing a little homework on this.
    And he actually bought me lunch simply because I stumbled upon it for him…
    lol. So let me reword this…. Thanks for the meal!!
    But yeah, thanks for spending the time to talk about this topic here on your
    website.

  3. This design is wicked! You certainly know how to keep a reader amused.
    Between your wit and your videos, I was almost moved
    to start my own blog (well, almost…HaHa!) Fantastic job. I really enjoyed what you had to say, and
    more than that, how you presented it. Too cool!

  4. stimulating review. In addition visit these kinds of
    site that might be competed judi slot online.
    The exact site has received track record out of game
    slot online gambling competitors in Indonesia. Truth be told there are
    generally a great deal of head turning promos for those
    who join at that time.

  5. Hello there, I found your website via Google whilst looking for a similar subject,
    your web site came up, it appears good. I’ve bookmarked it
    in my google bookmarks.
    Hello there, simply changed into alert to your blog via Google,
    and found that it is really informative. I am going to watch out for brussels.
    I will appreciate should you continue this in future. Lots of other folks can be benefited
    from your writing. Cheers!

  6. Excellent goods from you, man. I have understand your stuff previous to and you are
    just extremely fantastic. I actually like what you’ve acquired here, really like what you are saying and
    the way in which you say it. You make it enjoyable and you still care for to keep it sensible.
    I cant wait to read much more from you. This is actually a terrific
    web site.

  7. Thanks on your marvelous posting! I seriously enjoyed reading it, you are a great
    author.I will ensure that I bookmark your blog and will often come back at some point.

    I want to encourage one to continue your great work, have a nice day!

  8. Howdy, I do believe your blog may be having browser compatibility issues.
    Whenever I take a look at your site in Safari, it looks fine however, when opening in Internet
    Explorer, it’s got some overlapping issues. I just wanted to provide you with a quick heads up!
    Apart from that, wonderful site!

  9. I was wondering if you ever thought of changing the structure
    of your blog? Its very well written; I love what youve got to say.
    But maybe you could a little more in the way of content so people could connect
    with it better. Youve got an awful lot of text for only having one or 2 pictures.
    Maybe you could space it out better?

  10. Its like you read my thoughts! You seem to know a lot approximately this, like you wrote the e book in it or something.
    I think that you simply could do with some % to power the message house a little
    bit, but other than that, this is fantastic blog. A great read.
    I’ll definitely be back.

  11. Hmm it looks like your blog ate my first comment
    (it was super long) so I guess I’ll just sum it up what I submitted and say,
    I’m thoroughly enjoying your blog. I as well am
    an aspiring blog blogger but I’m still new to the whole thing.
    Do you have any points for rookie blog writers? I’d really
    appreciate it.

  12. Its such as you read my mind! You seem to understand a lot approximately this, like you wrote the ebook in it or something.

    I feel that you just could do with some % to pressure the message home
    a bit, but other than that, that is great blog. An excellent read.
    I will certainly be back.

  13. Attractive section of content. I simply stumbled upon your web site and in accession capital to assert that I acquire actually loved
    account your weblog posts. Any way I will be subscribing for your augment and even I achievement you get entry to constantly
    quickly.

  14. Hey there would you mind letting me know which web host you’re working with?
    I’ve loaded your blog in 3 different browsers and I must say this blog loads a
    lot faster then most. Can you suggest a good internet hosting provider
    at a fair price? Thanks a lot, I appreciate it!

  15. My coder is trying to persuade me to move
    to .net from PHP. I have always disliked the idea because of the expenses.

    But he’s tryiong none the less. I’ve been using Movable-type on a number of websites for about a
    year and am worried about switching to another platform.
    I have heard great things about blogengine.net.
    Is there a way I can import all my wordpress posts into it?
    Any help would be greatly appreciated!

  16. Hmm it looks like your blog ate my first comment (it was super long) so I guess I’ll
    just sum it up what I submitted and say, I’m thoroughly enjoying your blog.
    I as well am an aspiring blog writer but I’m still new to the whole thing.
    Do you have any tips for novice blog writers? I’d really appreciate it.

  17. Thanks , I have recently been looking for information approximately this topic for ages and
    yours is the greatest I have came upon so far.

    But, what in regards to the bottom line? Are you positive
    about the supply?

  18. Definitely believe that which you stated. Your favorite reason seemed to be on the net the simplest thing to be aware of.
    I say to you, I certainly get annoyed while people think
    about worries that they plainly don’t know about.
    You managed to hit the nail upon the top as well as defined out the whole thing without having
    side-effects , people can take a signal. Will probably be back to get more.
    Thanks

  19. An outstanding share! I’ve just forwarded this onto a co-worker who was conducting a little homework
    on this. And he in fact bought me dinner simply because I discovered it for him…
    lol. So allow me to reword this…. Thanks for the meal!!
    But yeah, thanx for spending the time to talk about this matter here on your web site.

  20. My developer is trying to persuade me to move to .net from PHP.
    I have always disliked the idea because of the costs. But he’s tryiong
    none the less. I’ve been using WordPress on a variety
    of websites for about a year and am worried about switching
    to another platform. I have heard excellent things about
    blogengine.net. Is there a way I can import all my wordpress content into it?

    Any kind of help would be really appreciated!

  21. My developer is trying to persuade me to move to .net from PHP.
    I have always disliked the idea because of the expenses.
    But he’s tryiong none the less. I’ve been using WordPress on a
    number of websites for about a year and am worried about
    switching to another platform. I have heard great things about blogengine.net.
    Is there a way I can transfer all my wordpress posts into it?
    Any help would be really appreciated!

  22. you’re in point of fact a excellent webmaster.
    The site loading speed is amazing. It sort of
    feels that you’re doing any unique trick. In addition, The contents are masterpiece.

    you have performed a great task on this topic!

  23. Have you ever considered about including a little bit more than just your articles?
    I mean, what you say is valuable and all. But think of if you added
    some great photos or videos to give your posts more, “pop”!
    Your content is excellent but with images and video clips,
    this website could certainly be one of the very best in its niche.
    Terrific blog!

  24. Its like you read my mind! You seem to know a lot about this, like you wrote the book in it
    or something. I think that you can do with a few pics to drive
    the message home a bit, but other than that, this is magnificent blog.
    A great read. I will definitely be back.

  25. Hey! I know this is kinda off topic nevertheless I’d figured
    I’d ask. Would you be interested in exchanging links or maybe guest writing a
    blog article or vice-versa? My website addresses a lot of the
    same subjects as yours and I believe we could greatly
    benefit from each other. If you happen to be interested
    feel free to send me an e-mail. I look forward to hearing from you!
    Awesome blog by the way!

  26. Hey I know this is off topic but I was wondering if you knew of any widgets I could
    add to my blog that automatically tweet my newest twitter updates.
    I’ve been looking for a plug-in like this for quite some
    time and was hoping maybe you would have some experience with something like this.
    Please let me know if you run into anything.
    I truly enjoy reading your blog and I look forward to your new
    updates.

  27. Pretty section of content. I just stumbled upon your weblog
    and in accession capital to assert that I get in fact enjoyed account your blog posts.
    Anyway I’ll be subscribing to your augment and even I achievement you
    access consistently rapidly.

  28. Hello outstanding blog! Does running a blog such as this take a great deal of work?
    I’ve very little understanding of computer programming however I had been hoping to start my own blog soon. Anyways,
    if you have any ideas or techniques for new blog owners please share.

    I understand this is off topic however I just had to ask.
    Many thanks!

  29. This design is wicked! You most certainly know how to keep a reader amused.
    Between your wit and your videos, I was almost moved
    to start my own blog (well, almost…HaHa!) Excellent job.
    I really loved what you had to say, and more than that, how you presented it.

    Too cool!

  30. Please let me know if you’re looking for a author for
    your blog. You have some really great posts and I think I
    would be a good asset. If you ever want to take some of the load off, I’d absolutely love to write some articles for your blog in exchange for a link back
    to mine. Please send me an e-mail if interested.
    Thank you!

  31. I’m impressed, I must say. Rarely do I come across a blog that’s both educative and engaging, and
    without a doubt, you’ve hit the nail on the head. The issue
    is something not enough people are speaking intelligently about.
    I am very happy I found this in my hunt for something concerning this.

  32. Good day very cool site!! Man .. Excellent .. Superb
    .. I’ll bookmark your blog and take the feeds additionally?
    I am happy to search out a lot of useful info here within the submit,
    we want work out more strategies on this regard, thank you for sharing.
    . . . . .

  33. Hi there, I do think your web site may be having web browser compatibility issues.

    When I look at your blog in Safari, it looks fine but
    when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping
    issues. I merely wanted to provide you with a quick heads up!
    Besides that, great blog!

  34. Howdy, I do think your site could possibly be having internet browser compatibility problems.
    Whenever I take a look at your website in Safari, it looks fine however,
    when opening in Internet Explorer, it’s got some overlapping issues.
    I merely wanted to provide you with a quick heads up!

    Aside from that, excellent blog!

  35. you’re actually a just right webmaster. The web site loading speed is incredible.

    It kind of feels that you are doing any unique trick.
    In addition, The contents are masterpiece. you’ve done a wonderful task on this subject!

  36. Hey! I know this is kinda off topic however , I’d figured I’d ask.
    Would you be interested in exchanging links or maybe guest authoring a blog
    article or vice-versa? My blog covers a lot of the same topics as yours and I believe we could greatly benefit from each other.
    If you’re interested feel free to send me an email. I
    look forward to hearing from you! Wonderful blog by the way!

  37. First of all I would like to say superb blog! I had a quick question in which I’d like to ask if you do not mind.
    I was interested to find out how you center yourself and
    clear your head prior to writing. I have had a tough time
    clearing my mind in getting my thoughts out there.
    I do enjoy writing but it just seems like the first 10 to 15
    minutes are wasted simply just trying to figure out how to begin. Any recommendations or hints?
    Many thanks!

  38. Hello just wanted to give you a quick heads up. The text in your post seem to be running off the
    screen in Ie. I’m not sure if this is a formatting issue or something to do
    with web browser compatibility but I thought I’d post to let
    you know. The design look great though! Hope you get the issue solved soon.
    Kudos

  39. I absolutely love your blog and find a lot of your post’s to be just what I’m looking for.
    Do you offer guest writers to write content
    for yourself? I wouldn’t mind writing a post or elaborating on some
    of the subjects you write in relation to here.

    Again, awesome blog!

  40. I like the valuable info you provide in your articles.
    I’ll bookmark your weblog and check again here frequently.
    I’m quite certain I will learn many new stuff right here!
    Best of luck for the next!

  41. I blog frequently and I seriously thank you for your information. The article
    has really peaked my interest. I will book mark your website and keep checking for new
    information about once per week. I opted in for your
    RSS feed too.

  42. Woah! I’m really loving the template/theme of this website.
    It’s simple, yet effective. A lot of times it’s very difficult to get that “perfect balance” between usability and appearance.
    I must say you have done a excellent job with this. In addition, the blog loads
    super quick for me on Safari. Exceptional Blog!

  43. Aw, this was a really good post. Spending some time and actual effort to produce a
    top notch article… but what can I say… I procrastinate a whole lot and don’t seem to get anything done.

  44. Do you have a spam problem on this blog; I also am a blogger, and I was wanting to know your situation; we have created some nice procedures and we are looking to exchange solutions with other folks, be sure to shoot me an e-mail
    if interested.

  45. I like the valuable info you supply to your articles. I’ll bookmark your weblog and take a look at once more
    here regularly. I’m moderately certain I will be told plenty of new stuff proper here!
    Best of luck for the next!

  46. Excellent post. I was checking continuously this blog and I am impressed!

    Very helpful info specifically the last part :
    ) I care for such information much. I was seeking this
    particular information for a very long time.
    Thank you and best of luck.

  47. Nice post. I was checking continuously this blog and I am inspired!
    Extremely useful info specifically the ultimate phase 🙂 I take
    care of such information a lot. I was seeking this certain information for a long time.
    Thank you and good luck.

  48. Hi there would you mind letting me know which webhost
    you’re working with? I’ve loaded your blog in 3 different
    internet browsers and I must say this blog loads a lot
    faster then most. Can you recommend a good web hosting
    provider at a fair price? Thanks, I appreciate
    it!

  49. Hello! Someone in my Facebook group shared this site with us so I came to take a look.
    I’m definitely loving the information. I’m book-marking and will be tweeting this to my followers!
    Outstanding blog and wonderful style and design.

  50. Greetings from California! I’m bored at work so I decided to
    browse your website on my iphone during lunch break. I enjoy the knowledge you provide here and
    can’t wait to take a look when I get home. I’m amazed at how quick
    your blog loaded on my phone .. I’m not even using WIFI, just 3G ..
    Anyways, good blog!

  51. Hey there! I know this is kinda off topic nevertheless I’d
    figured I’d ask. Would you be interested in exchanging links or
    maybe guest writing a blog article or vice-versa?
    My website discusses a lot of the same subjects as yours and I feel we could greatly benefit from each other.

    If you are interested feel free to shoot me an e-mail.
    I look forward to hearing from you! Fantastic blog by the way!

  52. Thanks for the marvelous posting! I definitely enjoyed reading it, you
    will be a great author. I will make certain to bookmark your
    blog and definitely will come back from now on. I want to
    encourage one to continue your great work, have a nice afternoon!

  53. Having read this I believed it was rather informative. I appreciate you finding the time and effort
    to put this short article together. I once again find myself spending way too much time both reading
    and leaving comments. But so what, it was still worthwhile!

  54. The other day, while I was at work, my sister stole my apple ipad and tested to
    see if it can survive a 25 foot drop, just so she can be a youtube sensation. My apple ipad is now destroyed and she has 83 views.
    I know this is totally off topic but I had to share it with someone!

  55. May I simply say what a comfort to uncover someone that truly understands what they
    are talking about on the net. You definitely understand how to
    bring an issue to light and make it important. More people need to check this out and understand this side of your story.
    I was surprised that you’re not more popular since you most certainly possess the gift.

  56. Hmm it appears like your website ate my first comment
    (it was super long) so I guess I’ll just sum it up what I submitted and say, I’m
    thoroughly enjoying your blog. I as well am an aspiring
    blog blogger but I’m still new to everything. Do you have any tips for rookie blog writers?
    I’d genuinely appreciate it.

  57. What i don’t understood is actually how you are not
    really much more smartly-favored than you may be right now.
    You are very intelligent. You recognize thus significantly in relation to this matter,
    produced me personally imagine it from numerous numerous angles.
    Its like men and women aren’t fascinated until it’s
    something to do with Girl gaga! Your own stuffs excellent.
    Always care for it up!

  58. helpful review. In the similar trend visit an site to
    accomplish slot pulsa tanpa potongan. This particular incredible internet site has received id coming
    from video slot betting enemy in Negara sendiri. Now there are actually lots of eye-catching promos cleaning soap join these days.

  59. Can I simply just say what a relief to discover an individual
    who really knows what they’re talking about on the web.

    You definitely know how to bring a problem to light and make
    it important. More and more people should read this and
    understand this side of the story. It’s surprising you
    aren’t more popular because you most certainly have the
    gift.

  60. This design is spectacular! You obviously know how to keep
    a reader entertained. Between your wit and your videos, I was almost moved to start my own blog (well, almost…HaHa!)
    Fantastic job. I really loved what you had to say, and more than that, how you presented it.
    Too cool!

  61. I just like the helpful information you supply on your articles.
    I’ll bookmark your blog and take a look at once more here frequently.
    I’m somewhat sure I will be informed lots of new stuff right
    right here! Good luck for the next!

  62. You actually make it seem so easy with your presentation however I in finding this
    matter to be actually something that I feel I might
    by no means understand. It sort of feels too complicated and very vast for me.
    I am taking a look ahead on your next publish, I’ll attempt to get the cling of it!

  63. Hello! I know this is somewhat off topic but I was wondering which blog platform are you using
    for this site? I’m getting fed up of WordPress because I’ve had issues with hackers
    and I’m looking at alternatives for another platform. I would be fantastic if you could point me in the direction of a good platform.

  64. I loved as much as you’ll receive carried out right here. The sketch is attractive, your
    authored subject matter stylish. nonetheless, you command get got an nervousness over that
    you wish be delivering the following. unwell unquestionably come more formerly again as exactly the same nearly very often inside case you shield this hike.

  65. I’m extremely impressed with your writing skills as well as
    with the layout on your weblog. Is this a paid theme or did you
    customize it yourself? Either way keep up the excellent quality writing, it is rare to see a great blog like this one today.

  66. First of all I want to say superb blog! I had a quick question which I’d like to ask if you do not mind.
    I was interested to find out how you center yourself and clear your
    head prior to writing. I have had a tough time clearing my mind in getting my thoughts
    out. I truly do take pleasure in writing however it just seems like
    the first 10 to 15 minutes are usually lost simply just
    trying to figure out how to begin. Any recommendations or tips?
    Cheers!

  67. May I just say what a relief to discover someone who really knows what they’re discussing on the internet.
    You certainly realize how to bring a problem to light and make it important.
    More and more people should look at this and understand this side of
    your story. I can’t believe you are not more popular given that you surely possess
    the gift.

  68. What i do not realize is in truth how you are no longer actually much
    more well-preferred than you may be now. You are so intelligent.

    You realize therefore significantly in the case of this matter, produced me for my part believe it from so many various angles.
    Its like men and women don’t seem to be fascinated unless it is
    one thing to accomplish with Lady gaga! Your personal stuffs nice.
    At all times care for it up!

  69. Oh my goodness! Awesome article dude! Many thanks, However I
    am encountering issues with your RSS. I don’t know why
    I cannot subscribe to it. Is there anybody else having identical RSS
    problems? Anyone that knows the solution will you
    kindly respond? Thanx!!

  70. Hello I am so grateful I found your blog page, I really
    found you by mistake, while I was looking on Aol for
    something else, Regardless I am here now and
    would just like to say thanks for a tremendous post and a all round enjoyable blog (I also love the theme/design), I don’t have time to look over it all at
    the moment but I have book-marked it and also included your RSS feeds, so when I have time I will be back to read much more,
    Please do keep up the excellent work.

  71. Excellent post. I was checking continuously this weblog and I am inspired!
    Very useful info particularly the remaining section 🙂 I handle such information a lot.
    I used to be looking for this certain info for a long time.
    Thanks and good luck.

  72. I know this if off topic but I’m looking into starting my own blog and was curious what all
    is needed to get setup? I’m assuming having a blog like yours would
    cost a pretty penny? I’m not very web savvy so I’m not 100% positive.
    Any suggestions or advice would be greatly
    appreciated. Many thanks

  73. I loved as much as you’ll receive carried out right here.
    The sketch is attractive, your authored subject matter stylish.
    nonetheless, you command get got an impatience over that you wish be delivering the following.

    unwell unquestionably come further formerly again as exactly the same
    nearly very often inside case you shield this hike.

  74. Hi would you mind stating which blog platform you’re using?
    I’m looking to start my own blog in the near future but I’m having a
    hard time deciding between BlogEngine/Wordpress/B2evolution and Drupal.
    The reason I ask is because your design seems different
    then most blogs and I’m looking for something unique.

    P.S Apologies for being off-topic but I had to ask!

  75. You really make it seem so easy together with your presentation however I
    in finding this matter to be really something which I think I
    might never understand. It kind of feels too complex and extremely vast for me.
    I’m looking ahead to your subsequent post, I will try to
    get the grasp of it!

  76. Normally I do not learn post on blogs, however I would like to say that this write-up very pressured
    me to take a look at and do so! Your writing taste has been amazed me.
    Thank you, quite great article.

  77. I am really impressed with your writing skills as well
    as with the layout on your blog. Is this a paid theme or
    did you modify it yourself? Anyway keep up the excellent quality writing, it is
    rare to see a nice blog like this one today.

  78. really interesting review. Moreover visit the most
    famous site to determine situs slot online. This incredible website has received id via slot playing consumers
    in Negara sendiri. Presently there are usually many exciting promos as you join at this point.

  79. Undeniably believe that which you stated. Your favorite reason seemed
    to be on the net the simplest thing to be aware of.
    I say to you, I definitely get annoyed while people think about worries that they plainly don’t
    know about. You managed to hit the nail upon the top and defined
    out the whole thing without having side-effects , people can take
    a signal. Will likely be back to get more. Thanks

  80. exciting review. Furthermore visit the precise site to obtain judi slot.
    Such a unbelievable website has received conclusion via slot deposit pulsa tanpa potongan wagering people in Indonesia.
    Truth be told there are generally quite a few fascinating promos as
    soon as you join at this stage.

  81. Its like you read my mind! You seem to know a lot about this, like you wrote
    the book in it or something. I think that you
    could do with a few pics to drive the message home a bit, but other than that, this is great blog.
    A fantastic read. I will certainly be back.

  82. Right here is the right webpage for anybody who hopes to understand this topic.
    You realize so much its almost hard to argue with you
    (not that I personally would want to…HaHa).
    You certainly put a new spin on a topic that’s been discussed for ages.
    Excellent stuff, just great!

  83. Hey there! I know this is kind of off-topic however I
    needed to ask. Does running a well-established website like
    yours take a lot of work? I’m completely
    new to writing a blog but I do write in my journal every day.
    I’d like to start a blog so I can easily share my own experience
    and feelings online. Please let me know if you have any kind of ideas or
    tips for new aspiring blog owners. Thankyou!

  84. Definitely believe that which you stated. Your favorite reason appeared to
    be on the net the easiest thing to be aware of. I
    say to you, I definitely get annoyed while people
    think about worries that they just do not know about.
    You managed to hit the nail upon the top and defined out
    the whole thing without having side-effects , people
    can take a signal. Will probably be back to get more. Thanks

  85. Thank you, I’ve recently been searching for info approximately this topic for a long time and yours is the
    best I have discovered so far. But, what in regards to the conclusion? Are you sure
    concerning the supply?

  86. Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally,
    it seems as though you relied on the video to make your point.

    You obviously know what youre talking about, why throw
    away your intelligence on just posting videos to your blog when you could be giving
    us something enlightening to read?

  87. Do you mind if I quote a few of your posts as long as I
    provide credit and sources back to your site? My website is in the very same area of
    interest as yours and my visitors would definitely benefit from some of the information you provide here.
    Please let me know if this ok with you. Regards!

  88. Hello, Neat post. There’s an issue along with your web site in internet explorer,
    might test this? IE still is the marketplace chief and a huge
    element of other folks will omit your magnificent writing due to this problem.

  89. really interesting review. On top of that visit our site to realize slot deposit pulsa tanpa potongan. Amazing internet site has received we.
    d. from slot machine bet consumers in Dalam negri. Right
    now there tend to be quite a few intriguing promos if you happen to
    join now.

  90. Hello there! I know this is kind of off topic but I was wondering which blog platform are
    you using for this site? I’m getting tired of WordPress
    because I’ve had issues with hackers and I’m looking at options for another platform.
    I would be awesome if you could point me in the direction of a good platform.

  91. I’m really impressed together with your writing skills and also with the
    format to your weblog. Is that this a paid subject or did
    you customize it your self? Either way keep up the excellent quality
    writing, it’s rare to see a great blog like this
    one today..

  92. I’d like to thank you for the efforts you have put in writing this website.
    I really hope to view the same high-grade blog posts by you later on as well.
    In truth, your creative writing abilities has encouraged me
    to get my very own blog now 😉

  93. intriguing review. At the same time visit the particular site to find out situs slot.
    This web site has received username using bandar slot betting competition in Negara sendiri.
    Generally there are generally a lot of exciting promos if you happen to join today.

  94. I have been surfing online greater than three hours as
    of late, yet I by no means found any interesting article like yours.
    It is pretty value sufficient for me. Personally, if all webmasters and bloggers made good content as
    you did, the internet can be a lot more useful than ever before.

  95. Hi there would you mind letting me know which webhost you’re using?
    I’ve loaded your blog in 3 different web browsers and I must say this blog
    loads a lot faster then most. Can you suggest
    a good internet hosting provider at a fair price?
    Thanks, I appreciate it!

  96. Hey I know this is off topic but I was wondering if you knew
    of any widgets I could add to my blog that automatically tweet my newest twitter updates.
    I’ve been looking for a plug-in like this for quite
    some time and was hoping maybe you would have some
    experience with something like this. Please let me know if
    you run into anything. I truly enjoy reading
    your blog and I look forward to your new updates.

  97. Hey! This is kind of off topic but I need some advice from an established blog.
    Is it hard to set up your own blog? I’m not very techincal
    but I can figure things out pretty fast. I’m thinking
    about setting up my own but I’m not sure where to begin. Do you have any points or suggestions?
    With thanks

  98. Great blog! Do you have any hints for aspiring writers?
    I’m hoping to start my own blog soon but I’m a little
    lost on everything. Would you recommend starting with a free platform
    like WordPress or go for a paid option? There
    are so many choices out there that I’m totally confused ..
    Any recommendations? Cheers!

  99. Having read this I thought it was really informative.
    I appreciate you finding the time and energy to put
    this content together. I once again find myself personally spending a significant amount of time both reading and leaving comments.
    But so what, it was still worth it!

  100. You’re so interesting! I don’t think I’ve truly read through anything like this before.
    So nice to discover someone with a few unique thoughts on this topic.
    Really.. many thanks for starting this up. This web site is something that’s
    needed on the internet, someone with a bit of originality!

  101. Awesome blog you have here but I was curious if you knew of any user discussion forums that cover the same topics talked about in this article?

    I’d really like to be a part of group where I can get responses from other knowledgeable individuals that share the same
    interest. If you have any suggestions, please let me know.
    Kudos!

  102. Hey I am so grateful I found your web site, I really found
    you by accident, while I was browsing on Yahoo for something
    else, Regardless I am here now and would just like to say kudos for a remarkable post and a
    all round entertaining blog (I also love the theme/design), I don’t have time
    to browse it all at the minute but I have saved it
    and also included your RSS feeds, so when I have time I
    will be back to read a lot more, Please do keep up the excellent job.

  103. Hello! I know this is somewhat off-topic but I needed to ask.
    Does building a well-established blog like yours require a massive amount work?
    I am brand new to operating a blog but I do write in my journal on a daily basis.
    I’d like to start a blog so I can easily share my own experience
    and thoughts online. Please let me know if you have any kind
    of ideas or tips for brand new aspiring bloggers. Thankyou!

  104. My coder is trying to persuade me to move to .net from PHP.
    I have always disliked the idea because of the costs.
    But he’s tryiong none the less. I’ve been using WordPress
    on various websites for about a year and am worried about switching to another platform.

    I have heard fantastic things about blogengine.net.
    Is there a way I can import all my wordpress posts into it?
    Any help would be really appreciated!

  105. Howdy! I know this is kinda off topic but I
    was wondering if you knew where I could find a captcha plugin for my
    comment form? I’m using the same blog platform as yours and
    I’m having trouble finding one? Thanks a lot!

  106. I really love your website.. Very nice colors & theme.
    Did you build this web site yourself? Please reply back
    as I’m hoping to create my own site and would like to know where you got this from or what
    the theme is named. Kudos!

  107. Attractive portion of content. I simply stumbled upon your web site and in accession capital to assert that I acquire actually loved account
    your weblog posts. Any way I will be subscribing to your augment or even I
    success you get right of entry to consistently rapidly.

  108. really interesting review. Also visit this specific site to evaluate
    agen slot pulsa. This particular url has received level of popularity from the comfort of slot deposit pulsa tanpa potongan bets consumers in Negara sendiri.
    Right now there are usually many wonderful promos in case you join at the moment.

  109. What you posted made a great deal of sense. However, what about this?
    suppose you wrote a catchier post title? I mean, I don’t want to tell
    you how to run your website, however what if you added a headline that
    makes people want more? I mean Green Public Procurement and Circular Economy • Forbes Georgia is a little boring.

    You ought to peek at Yahoo’s home page and watch how they create news headlines to
    grab people to click. You might add a related video or a
    pic or two to get readers excited about everything’ve written. Just my opinion, it could bring
    your posts a little bit more interesting.

  110. You’re so awesome! I do not think I have read through something like that
    before. So great to discover another person with a few genuine thoughts on this subject matter.
    Really.. thanks for starting this up. This web site is one thing that is required
    on the internet, someone with a little originality!

  111. Woah! I’m really digging the template/theme of this website.
    It’s simple, yet effective. A lot of times it’s challenging to get that “perfect balance” between superb usability and appearance.
    I must say you’ve done a great job with this.
    In addition, the blog loads very fast for me on Internet explorer.

    Excellent Blog!

დაამატე კომენტარი

თქვენი ელფოსტის მისამართი გამოქვეყნებული არ იყო. აუცილებელი ველები მონიშნულია *